Section outline

  • A person is shown blowing into a tube connected to a plastic bag containing the person’s exhalation Figure 2.1 Analysis of molecules in an exhaled breath can provide valuable information, leading to early diagnosis of diseases or detection of environmental exposure to harmful substances. by Paul Flowers Openstax CC BY NC SA

    Chapter Outline
    • Early Ideas in Atomic Theory
    • Evolution of Atomic Theory
    • Atomic Structure and Symbolism
    • Chemical Formulas


    Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:


    Early Ideas in Atomic Theory (2.1)

    1. State the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory (CLO1)
    2. Use postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory to explain the laws of definite and multiple proportions (CLO1)


    Evolution of Atomic Theory (2.2)

    1. Outline milestones in the development of modern atomic theory (CLO1)
    2. Summarize and interpret the results of the experiments of Thomson, Millikan, and Rutherford (CLO1)
    3. Describe the three subatomic particles that compose atoms (CLO1)
    4. Define isotopes and give examples for several elements (CLO1)


    Atomic Structure and Symbolism (2.3)

    1. Write and interpret symbols that depict the atomic number, mass number, and charge of an atom or ion (CLO2)
    2. Define the atomic mass unit and average atomic mass (CLO1)
    3. Calculate average atomic mass and isotopic abundance (CLO2)


    Chemical Formulas (2.4)

    1. Symbolize the composition of molecules using molecular formulas and empirical formulas (CLO2) 
    2. Represent the bonding arrangement of atoms within molecules using structural formulas (CLO2)
    3. Define the amount unit mole and the related quantity Avogadro's number (CLO1)
    4. Explain the relation between mass, moles, and numbers of atoms or molecules and perform calculations deriving these quantities from one another (CLO1)


    To achieve these objectives:

    1. Read and view the Module 2: Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions in Moodle
    2. Read Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions in the OpenStax Chemistry: Atoms First 2e Pressbook
    3. Complete the Module 2: Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Assignment
    4. Complete the Module 2: Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Discussion
    5. Complete the Module 2: Lab 2: Video (VWS) Assignment - The History of Atomic Chemistry
    6. Complete the Module 2: Lab 2: Experiment- Atomic Structure & Theory
    7. Complete the Module 2: Lab 2: Report Assignment- Atomic Structure and Theory
    Note the checkboxes to the right that help you track your progress: some are automatic, and some are manual. 

    Module Pressbooks Resources and Activities

    You will find the following resources and activities in this module at the Pressbooks website. Click on the links below to access or complete each item.

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