Section outline

  • Electron micrograph shows the tobacco mosaic virus (left). Orchid leaf in varying states of decay (right).

    Image from Biology 2e from OpenStax, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0 with the image credit

    The tobacco mosaic virus, seen here by transmission electron microscopy (left), was the first virus to be discovered. The virus causes disease in tobacco and other plants, such as the orchid (right). (credit a: USDA ARS; credit b: modification of work by USDA Forest Service, Department of Plant Pathology Archive North Carolina State University; scale-bar data from Matt Russell)

    In these chapters you will be covering topics about viruses, bacteria, and archaea.

    Note the check boxes to the right that help you track your progress: some are automatic, and some are manual. 

    Course Outcomes:

    1. Apply biological concepts to the natural world and society
    2. Recognize biology as an inquiry process dependent on the scientific method and requiring critical thinking
    3. Interpret biological images, scientific graphs and models used to illustrate general biology concepts
    4. Demonstrate biological literacy through the use of standard English and appropriate citation of outside resources
    5. Recognize fundamental biology principles in the areas of evolution, biological diversity, ecology, microorganism, and anatomy and physiology of organisms. 

    Objectives: Viruses and Prokaryotes
    1.  Describe the different structures found in viruses
    2.  Explain viral replication
    3. Distinguish between lytic and lysogenic cycles in baceriophages
    4. Identify the major viral diseases that affect humans
    5. Describe the types of vaccinations and anti-viral humans
    6. Describe the basic features of bacteria and archaea
    7. Identify the different structures and their functions of a typical prokaryote
    8. Explain the differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells
    9. Identify bacterial diseases that caused historically important plagues and epidemics and current diseases caused by bacteria
    10. Explain how overuse of antibiotics may be creating "super bugs".

    Lab Safety and Viruses Objectives
    1.  Preform safe methods in the labs
    2. Use safety techniques and be able to identify which ones to use for a specific experiment
    3. Define virus
    4. Describe the anatomical features and shape of a typical virus
    5.  Compare and contrast enveloped and naked viruses, and lytic and lysogenic viruses
    6. Draw and label a typical bacteriophage
    7. Name significant families of viruses and the disease they cause
    8. Describe how a disease can be transmitted in a population  


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