Module 7: Body Systems: Renal and Urinary

Introduction 

The urinary system plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by filtering waste, balancing electrolytes, and regulating blood pressure, making it a key focus in pharmacology. This module explores how renal anatomy and physiology influence drug metabolism, excretion, and safety, especially in patients with kidney disease. Students will examine major drug classes used in urinary pharmacology—such as diuretics, urinary anti-infectives, and anticholinergics—and learn to adjust medication plans for patients with renal impairment. Emphasis is placed on applying these principles to real-world care in Louisiana, where chronic kidney disease rates are higher than the national average, highlighting the importance of safe, individualized, and accessible pharmacologic treatment.

Image: 125 mg vials of Furosemide, a loop diuretic, for intravenous application. Source: "Furosemid 125mg vials yellow background" by Wesalius licensed CC BY 4.0

Learning Objectives 

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

1. Identify the major structures and functions of the urinary system relevant to pharmacology. 
2. Describe how renal function influences the pharmacokinetics and dosing of common drugs used in renal and urinary disorders. 
3. Explain the mechanisms of action, indications, and potential side effects of key drug classes used in renal and urinary pharmacology. 
4. Apply principles of safe medication use by adjusting dosing and monitoring plans for patients with renal impairment, especially in Louisiana clinical settings. 
5. Evaluate emerging therapies and recent FDA-approved drugs for chronic kidney disease, discussing their potential clinical impact and local relevance for allied health practice in Louisiana. 

To achieve these objectives:

1. Read the Module 7 Introduction 
   
2. Read Chapter 9. Renal and Urinary Pharmacology in Introduction to Pharmacology - aligns with computer proficiency 
3. Complete the Module 7 Discussion Forum - aligns with computer proficiency, internet navigation, digital communication, and collaboration
4. Complete the Module 7 Quiz - aligns with computer proficiency 

Module Pressbooks Resources and Activities