Module 14: Genes and Proteins

This module's chapter is focused on “protein structure and function” because protein structure heavily influences its function. The structure of a protein is caused by the chemical properties of its amino acids, which is coded by a DNA sequence (a gene). Genes are functional units of heredity as they are made of DNA. The chromosome is made of DNA containing many genes. Every gene comprises of the particular set of instructions for a particular function or protein-coding. Speaking in usual terms, genes are responsible for heredity.

1. Explain the “central dogma” of DNA-protein synthesis (Course Outcome #5)
   
2. Describe the genetic code and how the nucleotide sequence prescribes the amino acid and the protein sequence (Course Outcome #5)
3. List the different steps in prokaryotic transcription (Course Outcome #5)
4. Discuss the role of promoters in prokaryotic transcription (Course Outcome #5)
5. Describe how and when transcription is terminated (Course Outcome #5)
6. List the steps in eukaryotic transcription (Course Outcome #5)
7. Discuss the role of RNA polymerases in transcription (Course Outcome #5)
8. Compare and contrast the three RNA polymerases (Course Outcome #5)
9. Explain the significance of transcription factors (Course Outcome #5)
10. Describe the different steps in RNA processing (Course Outcome #5)
11. Understand the significance of exons, introns, and splicing for mRNAs (Course Outcome #5)
12. Explain how tRNAs and rRNAs are processed (Course Outcome #5)
13. Describe the different steps in protein synthesis (Course Outcome #5)
14. Discuss the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis (Course Outcome #5)

To achieve these objectives: 

1. Read the Module 14 Introduction 
   
2. Read and view the materials in the Module 14 Pressbooks book, embedded below by section for the chapter titled Genes and Proteins
3. Complete the assignment and discussion forum post and response.

Module Pressbooks Resources and Activities