Section outline

  • The islets of Langerhans are clusters of endocrine cells found in the pancreas; they stain lighter than surrounding cells.

    An animal’s endocrine system controls body processes through the production, secretion, and regulation of hormones, which serve as chemical “messengers” functioning in cellular and organ activity and, ultimately, maintaining the body’s homeostasis. 

    In this module, students will learn about the structures and functions of various hormones and endocrine glands, and how hormones regulate homeostasis within the body.

    (credit: Image from Biology 2e from OpenStax, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0 with modification of work by Muhammad T. Tabiin, Christopher P. White, Grant Morahan, and Bernard E. Tuch; scale-bar data from Matt Russell). 


    Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:
    1. List the different types of hormones
    2. Explain their role in maintaining homeostasis
    3. Explain how hormones work
    4. Discuss the role of different types of hormone receptors
    5. Explain how hormones regulate the excretory system
    6. Discuss the role of hormones in the reproductive system
    7. Describe how hormones regulate metabolism
    8. Explain the role of hormones in different diseases
    9. Explain how hormone production is regulated
    10. Discuss the different stimuli that control hormone levels in the body
    11. Describe the role of different glands in the endocrine system
    12. Explain how the different glands work together to maintain homeostasis


    To achieve these objectives: 

    1. Read the Module 9 Introduction 
    2. Read and view the materials in the Module 9 Pressbooks book
    3. Read Chapter 16 in the Pressbooks book 
    4. Complete the following assignments for Module 9
    There is NO lab associated with this Module.

    Module Pressbooks Resources and Activities

    You will find the following resources and activities in this module at the Pressbooks website. Click on the links below to access or complete each item.

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